FA Module 9 Double declining balance and deferred taxes practice exam questions
(The attached PDF file has better formatting.)
On January 1, 20XX, a firm has shareholders’ equity of 400 and cash of 400.
The firm buys a long-lived asset on January 1, 20XX, for 231, with an estimated useful life of 8 years and a salvage value (at the end of its estimated useful life) of 69.
The firm has no revenue or expenses besides those stemming from the long-lived asset. The tax rate is 10% and the firm can carry back operating losses against previous years’ income; that is, assume all deferred tax assets and liabilities can be fully used and affect the financial statements.
The firm uses straight line depreciation for financial reporting and double declining balance depreciation for taxable income.
Question 9.1: Financial depreciation
What is depreciation expense on the 20XX income statement?
Answer 9.1: (231 – 69) / 8 = 20.25
(straight line depreciation = (purchase price – salvage value) / estimated useful life)
Question 9.2: Tax depreciation
What is depreciation expense for 20XX taxable income?
Answer 9.2: 2 × 231 / 8 = 57.75
(double declining balance depreciation = 2 × carrying value / estimated useful life)
Question 9.3: Operating cash flow
What is the operating cash flow in 20XX?
Answer 9.3: (0 – -57.75) × 10% = 5.775
(operating cash flow = negative of taxable income × the tax rate)
Question 9.4: Pre-tax income
What is pre-tax income in 20XX?
Answer 9.4: 0 – 20.25 = (20.25)
(pre-tax income = negative of financial depreciation)
Question 9.5: Deferred tax asset or liability
What is the deferred tax asset (liability) on December 31, 20XX?
Answer 9.5: (20.25 – 57.75) × 10% = (3.75)
(change in deferred tax asset = tax rate × (tax basis – carrying value) = tax rate × (financial depreciation – tax depreciation) )
Question 9.6: Tax expense
What is tax expense on the income statement in 20XX?
Answer 9.6: -20.25 × 10% = (2.025)
(tax expense = pre-tax income × tax rate)
Question 9.7: Net income
What is net (after-tax) income in 20XX?
Answer 9.7: -20.25 – -2.025 = (18.225)
(net income = pre-tax income – tax expense)
Question 9.8: Shareholders’ equity
What is shareholders’ equity at December 31, 20XX?
Answer 9.8: 400 + -18.225 = 381.775
(shareholders’ equity increases by net income)
Question 9.9: Financial leverage
What is the firm’s financial leverage at December 31, 20XX?
Answer 9.9: (400 – 20.25 – -5.775) / 381.775 = 1.010
(assets = initial assets – financial depreciation – taxes paid; financial leverage = assets / shareholders’ equity)
Question 9.10: Financial depreciation
What is depreciation expense on the 20XX+1 income statement?
Answer 9.10: (231 – 69) / 8 = 20.25
(straight line depreciation = (purchase price – salvage value) / estimated useful life)
Question 9.11: Tax depreciation
What is depreciation expense for 20XX+1 taxable income?
Answer 9.11: 2 × (231 – 57.75) / 8 = 43.3125
(double declining balance depreciation = 2 × carrying value / estimated useful life)
Question 9.12: Operating cash flow
What is the operating cash flow in 20XX+1?
Answer 9.12: (0 – -43.3125) × 10% = 4.33125
(operating cash flow = negative of taxable income × the tax rate)
Question 9.13: Pre-tax income
What is pre-tax income in 20XX+1?
Answer 9.13: 0 – 20.25 = (20.25)
(pre-tax income = negative of financial depreciation)
Question 9.14: Deferred tax asset or liability
What is the deferred tax asset (liability) on December 31, 20XX+1?
Answer 9.14: -3.75 + (20.25 – 43.3125) × 10% = (6.05625)
(deferred tax asset (liability) = tax rate × (tax basis – carrying value) ➾ change in deferred tax asset (liability) = tax rate × (financial depreciation – tax depreciation) )
Question 9.15: Tax expense
What is tax expense on the income statement in 20XX+1?
Answer 9.15: -20.25 × 10% = (2.025)
(tax expense = pre-tax income × tax rate)
Question 9.16: Net income
What is net (after-tax) income in 20XX+1?
Answer 9.16: -20.25 – -2.025 = (18.225)
(net income = pre-tax income – tax expense)
Question 9.17: Shareholders’ equity
What is shareholders’ equity at December 31, 20XX+1?
Answer 9.17: 381.775 + -18.225 = 363.55
(shareholders’ equity increases by net income)
Question 9.18: Financial leverage
What is the firm’s financial leverage at December 31, 20XX+1?
Answer 9.18: (400 – 20.25 – -5.775 – 20.25 – -4.33125) / 363.55 = 1.017
(assets = initial assets – financial depreciation – taxes paid; financial leverage = assets / shareholders’ equity)
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