Futures Prices


Futures Prices

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NEAS
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Futures Prices.

The attached Excel spread-sheet has prices for two long-term futures contracts expiring in December 2001: crude oil and gold.

A crude oil price index is the price of crude oil on successive days.

A crude oil futures index is the market’s estimate of the price of crude oil at the expiration date of the contract.

 

The futures contract is an excellent gauge of what investors expect the price to be several years later. The time series on the attached spread-sheet shows expectations from January 1997 through October 2001 for the price of crude oil in December 2001.

 

For a regression analysis student project, regress the stock price of an oil firm on the futures price.

For a time series project, fit the residuals of the regression to an ARIMA process.

 

Illustration: Regress the share price of Exxon Oil on the crude oil futures price from January 1997 through October 2001. Then fit the residuals (the actual stock price minus the fitted stock price) to an ARIMA process. Consider the various techniques to make the time series stationary. For example, you might take logarithms of the stock price and the futures price before running the regression.

You are not restricted to these two indices. You can get stock prices and futures prices for dozens of commodities. Use the internet search engines (Google, Yahoo, MSN, etc.) to pick a subject that interests you. Don’t worry that your chosen topic is not appropriate, or that you are using the wrong futures index for a particular commodity. We judge if you understand the statistics concepts, not if you understand the derivatives markets.

 

 


Attachments
Futures Prices.pdf (813 views, 21.00 KB)
Futures Contracts.xls (860 views, 110.00 KB)
Emma
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I chose this topic for my project because I wanted to use the same data set for RA and TS but, after much work, I am confused about the basic premise that I am testing. I originally proposed that more "current" stock prices (from Jan 1997 - Oct 2001) are predicted by the changing futures prices (independent variable), since the futures prices would show whether investors think the stock will go up or down. I began looking at this by using different lags to see if the stock price could be predicted based on, for example, a previous week's average futures contract. Now, after trying to do my analysis and rereading the introduction for this project, I'm thinking that I should be using the futures prices to predict only one stock price (December 2001). But then what would I be testing? It seems too simple that the futures contracts become a better gauge as time decreases.

I'm very confused but I don't want to change my topic since I've already put so much time into this one. Thank you in advance for any assistance you can give me.

[NEAS: You can use time series of the relation of forward prices to spot prices. For example, let F(t,k) be the forward price at time t of the stock price k months in the future, and S(t+k) is the stock price at time t+k. Fix k (say at three months), and F(t,k)/S(t+k) is a stationary time series. (You should test for stationarity using the methods in the course.) Financial economists argue about the mean of this time series and its ARIMA properties. You can evaluate the mean and fit an ARIMA process.

This is just an example. We do not grade the student project on its economic validity. We check if you properly use the methods learned in the time series course. For the time series above, Keynes discussed normal backwardation, and other economists have offered similar theories. Don’t worry about the theory. For the student project, get a stationary time series that is not a white noise process and fit an ARIMA model.]


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